9月17日发表的《金钱的颜色：金融中的种族主义》是由威尼斯人娱乐城校长Mauli Agrawal办公室和威尼斯人娱乐城多元化与包容性部门赞助的“关键对话”系列的第四部分。
参与小组讨论的成员包括：
- Gary O’Bannon (co-moderator), executive-in-residence, 亨利w布洛赫管理学院 and former director of human resources, City of Kansas City, Missouri
- Lisa uhracher（联合主持人），威尼斯人娱乐城 Bloch学生，物联网和分析实践主管，Atos
- 鲁本·阿隆索，AltCap总裁
- 维克多·哈蒙德，奥马哈第一国民银行小企业银行主管
- 内森·莫克，亨利·w·布洛赫管理学院金融学副教授
- 尼克·里奇蒙，堪萨斯城信用社总裁兼首席执行官
关键的对话 is part of the Roos倡导社区变革, 威尼斯人娱乐城 leading thoughtful action on campus and in our community to ensure lasting and comprehensive change.
The United States continues to struggle with its history of systemic racism, and that struggle is expressing itself in nearly all areas that make America what it is—the political system, corporate America, entertainment, athletics, social media and the police and criminal justice systems.
“The financial services industry has a responsibility in considering their role in this movement both in how we got there and how to work to achieve an equitable and inclusive financial system,” O’Bannon said. 在导致贫富差距的制度中，他从就业入手。
“It is impossible to build wealth without steady and rewarding jobs,” O’Bannon said. “But minority unemployment is consistently twice that of whites no matter what the economy.”
教育是另一个受到影响的系统。 O’Bannon said Black and Hispanic children’s opportunities and choices are more limited than any other group.
Regarding the health care system, O’Bannon said repeated studies have found doctors and medical facilities have unconscious racial biases when it comes to minority patients.
讨论的第四个制度是住房和划定界线，禁止黑人和棕色人种居住在某些地区。
“It is still present today,” O’Bannon said of redlining. “These systems remain broken and won’t be corrected soon. So perhaps the question today is whether financial services companies and its professionals that run them, will be a part of the solution.”
Before the group delved into the role financial institutions have in being part of the solution, Uhrmacher led a discussion on Kansas City’s own history.
“We know that wealth is something that’s handed down from generation to generation primarily through home ownership,” Uhrmacher said. “And if you think about it, it’s the way that much of our wealth is transmitted from one generation to the next. For every one dollar that is passed along generationally in a Black family, 10 dollars are passed along in a white family.”
根据乌尔马赫的说法，在许多情况下，金融问题的关键在于房屋所有权。 In her research of Kansas City housing, she found the city wasn’t always segregated. J.C.尼科尔斯是堪萨斯城契约社区概念的支持者，这个概念在全国范围内传播。 “划红线”始于20世纪20年代，在地图上划出红线，表示金融机构不提供住房贷款的地方。 划红线的做法有效地隔离了黑人和白人社区。
Mauck presented national trends on all of the systems and discussed wealth inequality from an educator and researcher’s perspective. 根据政策研究所的数据，莫克表示，财富差距在1983年至2016年期间有所扩大，财富不平等的许多驱动因素都回到了住房上。
“This gap has been very persistent over time,” Mauck said. 教育水平也是莫克研究的对象。 他引用了圣路易斯联邦储备银行（St. Louis Federal Reserve）一份有关大学教育和贫富差距的财富报告，讨论了少数族裔在净资产和持有资产方面的差距。 他说，金融知识水平的差距会影响贷款和贷款对象。
阿隆索还谈到了阻止有色人种积累资产的种族主义观念。 他说，贷款是基于符合资格的借款人的个人信用和资产。 If the most common form of collateral for lending is real estate, and if there is a subset of the population that can’t get housing because of other discriminatory practices, Alonso said accessing capital is limited.
“That is a continual challenge for entrepreneurs of color,” Alonso said, which negatively impacts the number of minority-owned businesses. 他说，与白人家庭相比，所有其他种族的收入和净资产水平都较低，持有任何类型资产的可能性都较小。 In fact, Alonso said 19% of Black families have zero or negative net worth, while only 9% of white households have no wealth.
里士满是一家信用合作社的总裁兼首席执行官，他说他们试图帮助客户，并经常讨论金融知识问题。 例如，里士满说，一代又一代的黑人看着他们的父母和祖父母收到汇款单来支付账单。 Richmond said he advises customers that it’s better to save the money order fee and get checks.
“However, it’s hard to break generations of habits with money,” Richmond said. 他希望看到银行与学校、学区和大学合作，对社区成员进行金融知识教育，这样他们就能打破做出错误金融决策的恶性循环。
Hammonds said as a banker he also sees people who can’t get value out of their homes and builders who can’t build houses at a valuable price point in underserved areas. 他说，社区的中产阶级化也使房价过高。
“When you’re in an underserved community…you can’t get value out of your home,” Hammonds said.
那么，金融业正在做些什么来促进有色人种社区的发展呢？ 小组成员一致认为，帮助和找到最好的方式为社区人民服务的愿望是他们取得进步的方式。
Alonso said Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) are great partners because they don’t have the limitations/regulations on lending rates and terms. 这些组织对少数族裔来说可能是不错的选择。
表示很重要。 Like most systems that provide the opportunity to build wealth in this country, the underlying cause for a lack of substantive progress may be that leaders and industry decision-makers don’t see the barriers to entry, because they haven’t experienced them. And, unfortunately, the people negatively impacted aren’t represented. While 标准普尔500指数中的每一家公司 Index now has a woman on the board, Uhrmacher said the same is not true in terms of racial diversity. An example is that only about 10% of the Russell 3000 Index has 董事会成员种族多元化.
当被问及该行业如何才能让董事会和领导团队代表他们所服务的社区时，哈蒙德表示，这是每家公司都必须有意识地做到的。 关键是要开始。
最后讨论的主题之一是教育机构应该承担的责任，以推动金融知识的叙述，解决收入不平等和种族贫富差距。
“Education is a good place to help bring attention to this,” Mauck said. 教育可以通过许多不同的方式提供，包括K-12教育、大学、社区讲习班、银行和金融机构教育会议和指导。
乌尔马赫说，与促进环境、社会、治理（ESG）和社会责任投资的传统机构和投资经理合作的投资最近变得流行起来。 And while there’s good intentions, she said some say they may actually be inadvertently causing social, economic and environmental harm. 她建议，更好的选择可能是同时提供恢复性和再生性的投资解决方案。
“As an organization you have to listen to the voice of your customer,” Hammonds said. “Be sensitive. 跨越ESG的所有领域。 Be aware of the social impact your organization can have.”
A third session on the future of policing is scheduled for 10月5日, The Future of Policing in Kansas City: A Conversation with Mayor Quinton Lucas.
Watch the discussion in its entirety below and check-in on the 原始的故事 for the next sessions, which includes A Dialogue Among Women of Color and White Women in Higher Education on 10月7日.